Fred Krupp is the president of Environmental Defense Fund, a United States-based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. Krupp is a graduate of Yale University with a law degree from the University of Michigan and has taught environmental law at both schools. Prior to joining Environmental Defense Fund, Krupp spent several years in private law practice in New Haven, Connecticut in several firms: Cooper, Whitney, Cochran & Krupp; partner, Albis & Krupp. During that time he also was founder and general counsel for the Connecticut Fund for the Environment, a leading state environmental group. Since 1984, when he became president of Environmental Defense Fund, he has been influential in developing many innovative market-based solutions, including the acid rain reduction plan in the 1990 Clean Air Act, and the U.S. proposal to achieve least-cost greenhouse gas reductions in the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Form 990 filed by Environmental Defense Fund with the Internal Revenue Service as required by law, in 2004 he earned $357,057 in salary and $51,113 in other compensation as president. Krupp serves on the board of the H.